تعبر عن القدرة : أى أن شخصا ما يستطيع أو لا يستطيع فعل شئ ما
انظر إلى الأمثلة التالية :
Ali can swim إن عليا يستطيع السباحة
Ahmed can't swim.إن أحمد لا يستطيع السباحة
إمكانية حدوث الفعل:
Hamdy can't come next week.
الإذن أو السماح:
You can take the car tomorrow.
Can I take your pen, please?
الماضى = could Ali could solve the problem
لا حظ الجملة التالية
Ali was able to solve the problem
إن كلمة able to تعنى قادر على ولكن الجملة تحمل المعنى التالى:
استطاع أن يحل المسألة ولكن بصعوبة
Could
لعمل اقتراحات وعرض وطلب وإذن
We could play football
Could I get you a glass of water?هل يمكن أن أجلب لك كوب ماء ؟
Could I go for a walk with my friends, please?
هل يمكننى أن أتمشى مع أصحابى من فضلك ؟
تعبر عن إمكانية حدوث الشئ فى المستقبل :
It could rain tomorrow.
I didn't get out . if I had got out, I could have met Ali.
Couldn't have +3 تعبر عن استحالة حدوث الفعل
Yesterday was a holiday. He couldn't have gone to school.
أسئلة هامة واستفسارات :
1. ما الفرق بين CAN ، COULD عندما تستخدمان فى المضارع أو المستقبل ؟
الإجابة
CAN=COULD إذا استخدمتا للطلب :
Can you give me a pen? = Could you give me a pen ?
2. إذا استخدمت could فى الماضى فلها 3 وجوه أو حالات:could , could have +p.p,
couldn't have +p.p فما الفرق بين كل منها ؟
الإجابة
Could+تعنى استطاع : التصريف الأول
Yesterday he could play well.
Could have +p.pتعنى أنه كان بالإمكان فعل شئ ولكنه لم يتم
When I went to the club, I could have played with my friends but I preferred to watch them.
Couldn't have +p.p = كان من المستحيل فعل ذلك الأمر
Because his leg was broken, he couldn't have played the match. This was impossible.
Choose:
1. Omar has the ability to use the computer. He (can – could – should - must) use it.
2. Morad is at school. He (can – dare – must – can't) come here.
3. I want to see my friend. (Should – ought – Can – May) you let me go?
4. Yesterday Ali (was – could – should – must) travel alone.
5. Esraa had difficulty in understanding the lecture but she (was able to – could – could have) get the message.
6. Ali didn't visit his friend although he (should – could have – might have – must have) visited him.
7. Yaseen was here the day before. He (should have – might have – couldn't have –mustn't) gone to Alexandria.
