{"id":355935,"date":"2015-02-06T15:46:12","date_gmt":"2015-02-06T12:46:12","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/localhost\/wordpress\/?p=355935"},"modified":"2015-02-06T15:46:12","modified_gmt":"2015-02-06T12:46:12","slug":"%d9%83%d9%8a%d9%81%d9%8a%d9%87-%d9%86%d9%82%d8%af-%d8%a8%d8%ad%d8%ab-%d8%b9%d9%84%d9%85%d9%8a%d8%9f","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.satfrequencies.com\/girls\/%d9%83%d9%8a%d9%81%d9%8a%d9%87-%d9%86%d9%82%d8%af-%d8%a8%d8%ad%d8%ab-%d8%b9%d9%84%d9%85%d9%8a%d8%9f\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0646\u0642\u062f \u0628\u062d\u062b \u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u061f"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

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\u062f. \u0641\u0627\u0626\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u062f\u0631<\/font><\/b>
<\/font><\/b><\/p>\n

<\/b><\/p>\n
\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u062e\u0635<\/font><\/b><\/b><\/div>\n

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\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 :<\/font>
1. <\/font><\/b>\u062a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0633\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0625\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644 ( \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u062a ) \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645 \u0648\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0647\u0646.<\/font><\/b>
2. <\/font><\/b>\u062a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0625\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644 ( \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u062a ) \u0644\u0644\u0631\u0641\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645 \u0648\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0647\u0646.<\/font><\/b>
\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a :<\/font>
\u062a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0633\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0640\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644 ( \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u062a ).<\/font><\/b>
\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b :<\/font>
\u062a\u0648\u062c\u062f<\/font><\/b> \u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644 ( \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u062a ) \u0635\u063a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646 \u0648\u0643\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646 \u0644\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646.<\/font><\/b>
\u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0645 \u0637\u064f\u0628\u0651\u0642\u062a \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644\/ \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0641\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a \u060c \u0648\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a \u060c \u0648\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0643\u0648\u0646\u0631\u0632 \u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0644 \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0646 174 \u0637\u0641\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629.<\/font><\/b>
\u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0640\u0644 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 ( \u062a ) \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0627\u062a. \u0648\u0623\u0633\u0641\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 :<\/font><\/b>
1. <\/font><\/b>\u062a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0625\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644 ( \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u062a ) \u0644\u0644\u0631\u0641\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0647\u0646.<\/font><\/b>
2. <\/font><\/b>\u062a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0625\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0633\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644 ( \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u062a ) \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629.<\/font><\/b>
3. <\/font><\/b>\u062a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644 ( \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u062a ) \u0635\u063a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646 \u0648\u0643\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646 \u0644\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644
\n ( \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u062a ) \u0643\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646.<\/font><\/b><\/p>\n

To Apply Parental Treatment Method, And Self-Understanding Manner, Besides, Comprehending Their Relation Towards Aggressive Behivour Taking Place Amongst Certain Type Of Girls In Jeddah Primary School Stage<\/b><\/p>\n

Dr. Faiga Mohammed Bader<\/font><\/b><\/b><\/p>\n

Abstract<\/b>
The present study aimed to know the nature of the relation of recognizing the parental acceptance \/ rejection with the aggressive behavior.<\/b>
The study also aimed to check the relationship between the self-concept and aggressive behavior of children. The previous studies and researches were reviewed and the study assumptions were as Follows:<\/b>
The first assumption:<\/u><\/b>
1. <\/b><\/font>There is a negative correlation between the recognition of children (girls) for the parental acceptance by the father and the mother and between the level of their aggressive behavior.<\/b>
2. <\/b><\/font>There is a positive correlation between the recognition of children (girls) for the parental acceptance by the father and the mother and between the level of their aggressive behavior.<\/b>
The second assumption:<\/u><\/b>
There is a negative correlation between the self-concept and the level of aggressive behavior of children (girls)<\/b>
The third assumption:<\/u><\/b>
There are indicative differences in the level of aggressive behavior between children (girls) kids and adults in favor of children adults.<\/b>
The sample which depended on the acceptance \/ rejection form, scale of self-concept and a Kortz scale of evaluation of the child behavior was consisting of 174 female children of elementary stage students.<\/b>
The researcher used the statistical methods, standard averages, standard deviations, Person’s correlation coefficient and T test for differences between the standard averages. The study brought a bout the following results:<\/b>
1. <\/b><\/font>There is a positive correlation between their recognition for the parental acceptance by the father and the mother and between their aggressive behavior.<\/b>
2. <\/b><\/font>There is a negative correlation between the self-concept and the level of aggressive of children (girls) in the elementary stage.<\/b>
3. <\/b><\/font>There are indicative differences in the level of aggressive behavior between children (girls) kids and adults in favor of children adults<\/b>.<\/font><\/b><\/p>\n

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\u0641\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a \u064a\u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0639\u0646\u0647 \u0628\u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0640\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u060c \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u063a\u0648\u0628 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0644 ( \u0623\u0631\u062c\u0627\u064a\u0644 \u060c \u0645\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645 \u060c 1982\u0645 \u060c \u0635 187 ) .<\/i><\/font><\/b>
\u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0641\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0644 \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0623\u062e\u0630 \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631 \u060c \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 : \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0641\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u064a\u062d \u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0647\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0646\u064a ( \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u060c 1987 \u060c \u0628 \u060c \u0635 8 ) \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0644 \u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u0647 \u064a\u0623\u062e\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a<\/i><\/font><\/b>Crick &Grotpeter, 1995, P:711 )<\/i><\/b>(<\/i><\/b> .<\/i><\/font><\/b>
\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u064a\u0644\u0639\u0628 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0644 \u0639\u0646 \u0630\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0651\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0635\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0636\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0635\u0641\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0628\u0635\u0641\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 <\/i><\/font><\/b>John, 1986, P:23 )<\/i><\/b>(<\/i><\/b> \u060c \u0648\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f \u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u0647 ( \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d \u060c 1992\u0645 \u060c \u0635 91 ) \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0649 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f \u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u0648\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631\u0647 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0628\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f \u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0634\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 (\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629\u060c 1987\u0645 \u060c \u0623 \u060c \u0635 81)\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u064a\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u062d\u0642\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0630 \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0642\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0639 \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0627 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0647 \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647 \u064a\u0646\u0637\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u060c \u0648\u064a\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u0629 \u062d\u0642\u062f \u0648\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0629 ( \u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u060c 1988\u0645 \u060c \u0635 170 ) .<\/i><\/font><\/b>
\u0648\u0644\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0634\u0627\u0631\u062a \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0631\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u060c \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0633 (<\/i><\/font><\/b>Rina<\/i><\/b> & Thomas, 1992, P:230 <\/i><\/b>(<\/i><\/b> \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634\u062a\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u060c \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0623\u0648\u0636\u062d\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c\u0647\u0627 : \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0645 \u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 .<\/i><\/font><\/b>
\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 :<\/font>
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\u0648\u064a\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0647 \u062a\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u060c \u0625\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0639\u0648\u0645\u0644\u0646 \u0628\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u060c \u0645\u062b\u0640\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0631\u062d \u060c ( <\/i><\/font><\/b>Karlen<\/i><\/b>, 1996, P:65<\/i><\/b> ) \u060c \u0648\u0625\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0633 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0640\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0640\u0627\u062a \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0637\u0639\u0640\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0640\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0640\u0647\u0646 ( \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0646\u064a\u060c 1994\u0645 \u060c \u0635 84 ) .<\/i><\/font><\/b>
\u0648\u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0647\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0646 \u0644\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0633\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0639\u0646 \u0630\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0646 \u060c \u0648\u064a\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u062a\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0630\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0630\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u064a\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0644\u0623\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u060c \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0631 : \u0627\u0636\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0647\u0627 (<\/i><\/font><\/b>Karlen<\/i><\/b>, 1996, P:67<\/i><\/b>) \u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0628\u0632\u0645\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0641\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u060c \u0648\u062a\u0634\u0639\u0631 \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u060c \u0641\u064a\u062a\u0648\u0644\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0644\u0644\u0645\u062d\u064a\u0637\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u060c \u0648\u064a\u0646\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0623\u062e\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a (<\/i><\/font><\/b>Rina<\/i><\/b> & Thomas, 1992, P:222<\/i><\/b>) \u060c \u0648\u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0631\u0623\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0648\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0625\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0643 \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0631\u0641\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0647\u0646 \u060c \u0648\u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0647\u0624\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0630\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0646 \u0630\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0647\u0646 .<\/i><\/font><\/b>
\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 : <\/font>
\u062a\u0623\u062a\u064a \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0640\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0640\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 :<\/i><\/font><\/b>
1. <\/i><\/font><\/b>\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0635\u0641\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0630\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0635\u0641\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a .<\/i><\/font><\/b>
2. <\/i><\/font><\/b>\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644\/ \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0641\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a \u060c \u0648\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0630\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u060c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a . <\/i><\/font><\/b>
3. <\/i><\/font><\/b>\u0646\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062a \u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 .<\/i><\/font><\/b>
4. <\/i><\/font><\/b>\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0633\u0641\u0631 \u0639\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062a\u0631\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u0634\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c \u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0635\u0641\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0627\u062b \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0635\u0641\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 .<\/i><\/font><\/b>
\u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 :<\/font>
\u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u0640\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0625\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0643 \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644 \/ \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0641\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a \u0628\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u0647\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a \u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0647\u0646 .<\/i><\/font><\/b>
\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 : <\/font>
1. <\/i><\/font><\/b>\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a : <\/i><\/font><\/b>
\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0645\u0646\u062d\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0645 \u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u064a\u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0639\u0646\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0644 : \u0643\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0644 \u060c \u0648\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u062e\u0631 \u0628\u0647 \u0648\u0628\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0647 … \u0625\u0644\u062e \u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0640\u0644 : \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0639\u0628\u0629 \u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u064a \u0644\u0631\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0644 \u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u062f \u0645\u0639\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 … \u0625\u0644\u062e ( \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u060c 1987\u0645 \u060c \u0628 \u060c \u0635 79 ) .<\/i><\/font><\/b>
\u0648\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0629 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0651\u0627\u064b : \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0637\u0641\u0644\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647 \u064a\u0634\u0639\u0631 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u062d\u0628\u0648\u0628 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0648\u0645\u0631\u063a\u0648\u0628 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 : \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0634\u0626\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0640\u0644 \u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639 \u0644\u0647 \u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0645\u0648\u0631\u0647 \u060c \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u0647 \u060c \u0648\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u062a\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u060c \u0648\u062a\u0634\u062c\u064a\u0639\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u062c\u064a\u062f \u060c \u0648\u062a\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0641 \u0622\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u062f \u0645\u0639\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 . <\/i><\/font><\/b>
2. <\/i><\/font><\/b>\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0641\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a : <\/i><\/font><\/b>
\u0648\u0647\u0648 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u063a\u064a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0621\/\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0628\u0629 \u060c \u0648\u064a\u0638\u0647\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0644 \u0648\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0647 \u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0641\u064a \u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0644 \u0648\u0625\u0647\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u060c \u0648\u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0646 \/ \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0639\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0636\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0644 \u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0647\u0645\u0627\u0644 \/ \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0646\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0644 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0642\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0639\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0644\u0647 \u060c \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0647\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0625\u063a\u0641\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0644 \u060c \u0648\u0644\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0640\u0647 ( \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0640\u0629 \u060c 1987\u0645 \u060c \u0623 \u060c \u0635 80 ) .<\/i><\/font><\/b>
\u0648\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0629 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0651\u0627\u064b : \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0637\u0641\u0644\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647 \u064a\u0634\u0639\u0631 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0647 \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0631\u063a\u0648\u0628 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0647 \u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 : \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0623\u0648 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u060c \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0642\u0633\u0648\u0629 \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u062e\u0637\u0626 \u060c \u0648\u0636\u0631\u0628\u0647 \u0644\u0623\u062a\u0641\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u060c \u0648\u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0631\u062d \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u060c \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0645\u062f \u062c\u0631\u062d \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0639\u0631\u0647 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u060c \u0648\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0640\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u060c \u0648\u062a\u062c\u0646\u0628 \u0635\u062d\u0628\u062a\u0647 . <\/i><\/font><\/b>
3. <\/i><\/font><\/b>\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a :<\/i><\/font><\/b>
\u064a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647 : \u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0640\u0644 \u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u060c \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0627\u062a \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062e\u0628\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u060c \u0648\u062a\u062a\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0640\u0648\u0635 \u0628\u062a\u062f\u0639\u064a\u0645\u0640\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0640\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647 (\u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d \u060c 1992\u0645 \u060c \u0635 91 ) .<\/i><\/font><\/b>
\u0648\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0629 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0651\u0627\u064b : \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0644 \u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 . \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0647 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0628 \u0639\u0646 \u0630\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u064a\u0634\u0639\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0636\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u060c \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0647 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0633\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0639\u0646 \u0630\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0634\u0639\u0631 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0636\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u060c \u0648\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0627\u064b \u064a\u062d\u0642\u0631 \u0630\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u064a\u0642\u0644\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0634\u0627\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u060c \u0648\u064a\u0634\u0639\u0631 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0627 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 . <\/i><\/font><\/b>
4. <\/i><\/font><\/b>\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a :<\/i><\/font><\/b>
\u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0630\u0649 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0640\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u060c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0640\u0644 \u0623\u0648 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0640\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0628\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u060c \u0625\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0630\u0649 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0640\u0630\u0627\u062a ( \u0639\u0628\u0648\u062f \u060c 1991\u0645 \u060c \u0635 10 ) .<\/i><\/font><\/b>
\u0648\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0629 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0651\u0627\u064b : \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0639\u062a\u062f\u064a \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u060c \u0628\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0625\u064a\u0630\u0627\u0626\u0647\u0645 \u060c \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 : \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u062a\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0631\u062d \u060c \u0648\u0648\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0633\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u060c \u0648\u0625\u064a\u0642\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u060c \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0644 \u0644\u0623\u0639\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u062c\u0633\u062f\u0647 \u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 : \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0643\u0644 .<\/i><\/font><\/b>
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\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b :<\/i><\/font><\/b> \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644\u062a \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 :<\/i><\/font><\/b>
\u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u0642\u0627\u0645 \u062c\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0644\u062f <\/i><\/font><\/b>( Gerald, 1996)<\/i><\/b> \u0628\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u062f\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u0647\u0645 \u060c \u0648\u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644 \u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0633\u0641\u0631\u062a \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0643\u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0628\u0635\u0641\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0628\u0635\u0641\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 .<\/i><\/font><\/b>
\u0623\u0645\u0627 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0647\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0632\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0626\u0640\u0647 (<\/i><\/font><\/b>Hiram, et al, 1989<\/i><\/b>) \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0647\u062f\u0641\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u0647\u0645 \u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0647\u0624\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0648\u0635\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u0647\u0645 \u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0647\u0624\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644 . <\/i><\/font><\/b>
\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u062f\u0641\u062a \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062c\u064a\u0631\u064a \u060c \u062f\u0627\u0646\u0627 ( <\/i><\/font><\/b>Geri & Dana, 1993<\/i><\/b> ) \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0640\u0629 \u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0636\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0641\u0640\u0627\u0644 \u060c \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646\u062a \u0645\u0646 42 \u060c \u062a\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062d \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0640\u0645 \u0628\u064a\u0646 8-16 \u0633\u0646\u0629 \u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0648\u0635\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0641\u0636 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0647\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0643\u062a\u0626\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644 . <\/i><\/font><\/b>
\u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u0646\u062a\u0632\u0644 \u060c \u0623\u0634\u064a\u0631 ( <\/i><\/font><\/b> Wintzel & Asher, 1995<\/i><\/b>) \u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0644 \u0648\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0647 \u060c \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0635\u064a\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u064a \u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646\u062a \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0640\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0640\u0629 \u0645\u0646 423 \u0637\u0641\u0640\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0645\u0646 \u064a\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062f\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0626\u064a \u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0648\u0635\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u060c \u0623\u0647\u0645\u0647\u0627 : \u0623\u0646 \u0634\u0639\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0641\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a \u064a\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0628\u0629 \u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0648\u0636\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b : \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0641\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a \u064a\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 .<\/i><\/font><\/b>
\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u062f\u0641\u062a \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u0633\u064a\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0632\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0626\u0647 ( <\/i><\/font><\/b>Xinyin<\/i><\/b>, et al, 1995<\/i><\/b> ) \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0643\u062a\u0626\u0627\u0628\u064a \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0648\u0635\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u060c \u0623\u0647\u0645\u0647\u0627 : \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0643\u062a\u0626\u0627\u0628 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0648\u0636\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u060c \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0623\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0643\u062a\u0626\u0627\u0628 \u060c \u0648\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0647\u0624\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644 . <\/i><\/font><\/b>
\u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0631\u0644\u064a\u0646 ( <\/i><\/font><\/b>Karlen<\/i><\/b>, 1996<\/i><\/b>) \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0648\u0647\u062f\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0643\u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644 \u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0628\u064a\u0646\u062a \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u064f\u0634\u0639\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0644 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u0631\u0641\u0648\u0636 \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0647 \u060c \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0638\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 .<\/i><\/font><\/b>
\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u064b :<\/i><\/font><\/b> \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644\u062a \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644 :<\/i><\/font><\/b>
\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644\u062a \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0643\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0631\u062f ( <\/i><\/font><\/b>Kinard<\/i><\/b>, 1978<\/i><\/b> ) \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644 \u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646\u062a \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0646 60 \u0637\u0641\u0640\u0644\u0627\u064b \u060c \u062a\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062d \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u064a\u0646 5 <\/i><\/font><\/b>–<\/i><\/b> 12 \u0633\u0646\u0629 \u060c \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0635\u0644\u062a \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644 . <\/i><\/font><\/b>
\u0623\u0645\u0627 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0628\u0648\u0631\u062f\u062a \u060c \u062c\u064a\u0646\u0633\u0648\u0646 ( <\/i><\/font><\/b>Burdett & Jenson, 1983<\/i><\/b> ) \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0647\u062f\u0641\u062a \u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0641\u0640\u0627\u0644 \u060c \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0646 229 \u0637\u0641\u0644\u0627\u064b \u060c \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0645 116 \u0630\u0643\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0648 113 \u0623\u0646\u062b\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062d \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u064a\u0646 8 <\/i><\/font><\/b>–<\/i><\/b> 12 \u0633\u0646\u0629 \u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0628\u064a\u0646\u062a \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644 \u060c \u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0623\u0648\u0636\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0648\u0631 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0627\u062b \u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642\u0627\u064b \u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0641\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a \u060c \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0644\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0633\u0646\u0651\u0627\u064b . <\/i><\/font><\/b>
\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641\u062a \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062c\u0648\u0646 (<\/i><\/font><\/b>John, 1986<\/i><\/b>) \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0639\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644 \u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646\u062a \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0646 20 \u0637\u0641\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0647\u0645 \u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0639\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a \u060c \u0648 18 \u0637\u0641\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0647\u0645 \u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0639\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a \u060c \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0645\u0646 \u064a\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0626\u064a \u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0634\u0627\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0641\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644 . <\/i><\/font><\/b>
\u0623\u0645\u0627 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0641\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0628 \u0648\u0632\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0626\u0647 ( <\/i><\/font><\/b>Philip, et al, 1987<\/i><\/b> ) \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0628\u062d\u062b\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0644 \u0648\u0632\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0626\u0647 \u0628\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0644 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u060c \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0647\u0645 \u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0646 58 \u0637\u0641\u0644\u0627\u064b \u060c \u062a\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062d \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u064a\u0646 7 <\/i><\/font><\/b>–<\/i><\/b> 14 \u0633\u0646\u0629 \u060c \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0635\u0644\u062a \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644 \u060c \u0648\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a \u064a\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0645.<\/i><\/font><\/b>
\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644\u062a \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0631\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u060c \u062a\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0633 ( <\/i><\/font><\/b>Rina<\/i><\/b> & Thomas, 1992<\/i><\/b> ) \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u062f\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644 \u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0643\u0634\u0641\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0639\u0646 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0641\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u062f\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644 \u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0648\u0636\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644 .<\/i><\/font><\/b>
\u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0633\u0639\u062a \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0622\u0646 \u060c \u0633\u062a\u064a\u0641\u0646 ( <\/i><\/font><\/b>Ann & Stephen, 1994<\/i><\/b> ) \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u062f\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u060c \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a \u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0643\u062a\u0626\u0627\u0628 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644 \u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646\u062a \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0646 60 \u0628\u0646\u062a\u0627\u064b \u062a\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062d \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 10 <\/i><\/font><\/b>–<\/i><\/b> 12 \u0633\u0646\u0629 \u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0633\u0641\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0623\u0647\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u060c \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u062f\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a \u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0643\u062a\u0626\u0627\u0628 \u0644\u0640\u062f\u0649 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 . \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b : \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0643\u062a\u0626\u0627\u0628 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0647\u0624\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644 . <\/i><\/font><\/b>
\u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644\u062a \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0643\u064a\u0631\u0643 \u060c \u062c\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0628\u064a\u062a\u0631 ( <\/i><\/font><\/b>Crick & Grotpeter, 1995<\/i><\/b> ) \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0646\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0644 \u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644 \u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646\u062a \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0646 491 \u0637\u0641\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062f\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0626\u064a. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0648\u0636\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639\u0627\u064b \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0627\u062b \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0648\u0631 \u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0643\u062a\u0626\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a \u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0648\u0636\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0645 .<\/i><\/font><\/b>
\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 : <\/font>
\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u060c \u0648\u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0635\u0644\u062a \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0635 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a :<\/i><\/font><\/b>
1. <\/i><\/font><\/b>\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0628\u0635\u0641\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0628\u0635\u0641\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644 ( <\/i><\/font><\/b>Kinard<\/i><\/b>, 1978<\/i><\/b> ) .<\/i><\/font><\/b>
2. <\/i><\/font><\/b>\u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0641\u0636 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0647\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0640\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0644 \u060c \u0648\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0643\u062a\u0626\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0640\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644<\/i><\/font><\/b>( Burdett & Jenson, 1983 ; John, 1986 ; Philip, et al, 1987; Ann & <\/i><\/b>
\n(<\/i><\/font><\/b>Stephen, 1994<\/i><\/b>.<\/i><\/font><\/b>
3. <\/i><\/font><\/b>\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0643\u062a\u0626\u0627\u0628 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644 \u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0643\u062a\u0626\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0647\u0645 ( <\/i><\/font><\/b>Rina<\/i><\/b> & Thomas, 1992<\/i><\/b> ) . <\/i><\/font><\/b>
4. <\/i><\/font><\/b>\u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0639\u0646 \u0630\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u060c \u0648\u0633\u0644\u0640\u0648\u0643\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a <\/i><\/font><\/b>
<\/b><\/p>\n


\n(Kinard, 1978 ; Burdett & Jenson, 1983 ; John, 1986 ; Philip, et al, 1987 ; Rina & Thomas, 1992, Crick & Grotpeter, 1995)<\/i><\/b> . <\/i><\/font><\/b>
\n<\/b><\/div>\n


\n5. <\/i><\/font><\/b>\u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0639\u0646 \u0630\u0627\u062a\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0631\u0641\u0636\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0647\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0631\u0641\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0648\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a <\/i><\/font><\/b>(John, 1986; Philip, et al, 1987 ; Rina & Thomas, 1992 )<\/i><\/b>.<\/i><\/font><\/b>
6. <\/i><\/font><\/b>\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0639\u0646 \u0630\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u0631\u0641\u0636\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u060c \u0648\u0623\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0643\u062a\u0626\u0627\u0628 \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0647<\/i><\/font><\/b>
(Philip, et al, 1987 ; Ann & Stephen, 1994 ) <\/i><\/b>.<\/i><\/font><\/b>
7. <\/i><\/font><\/b>\u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0643\u062a\u0626\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644<\/i><\/font><\/b>
(Philip, et al, 1987 ; Crick & Grotpeter, 1995) <\/i><\/b>. <\/i><\/font><\/b>
8. <\/i><\/font><\/b>\u0623\u0646<\/i><\/font><\/b> \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0645<\/i><\/font><\/b>
( Burdett<\/i><\/b> & Jenson, 1983 ; Philip, et al, 1987 ; Crick & Grotpeter, 1995 )<\/i><\/b>.<\/i><\/font><\/b>
\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 :<\/font>
\u0641\u064a \u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0633\u0641\u0631\u062a \u0639\u0646\u0647 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u060c \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0638\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0635\u0648\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0629 \u0641\u0631\u0648\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a:<\/i><\/font><\/b>
\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 : \u0648\u064a\u0646\u0635 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062a\u064a :<\/font>
1. <\/i><\/font><\/b>\u062a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0633\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0625\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0643 \u062a\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u062c\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645 \u060c \u0648\u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0647\u0646 . <\/i><\/font><\/b>
2. <\/i><\/font><\/b>\u062a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0625\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0643 \u062a\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u062c\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0631\u0641\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645 \u060c \u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0647\u0646 . <\/i><\/font><\/b>
\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a : \u0648\u064a\u0646\u0635 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a :<\/font>
\u062a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0633\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u062a\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u062c\u062f\u0629 . <\/i><\/font><\/b>
\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b : \u0648\u064a\u0646\u0635 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a :<\/font>
\u062a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0651\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u062c\u062f\u0629 \u0635\u063a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646 \u0648\u0643\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646 \u0644\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0630\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646 . <\/i><\/font><\/b>
\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 :<\/font>
\u0627\u062a\u0628\u0639\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0641\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0625\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0644\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 . <\/i><\/font><\/b>
\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 : <\/font>
\u0644\u0642\u062f \u0642\u0627\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0629 \u0628\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u062a\u0641\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0648\u062c\u062f\u062a \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0646 : \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0646 \u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u062a\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0638\u0645\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0630\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u060c \u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0640\u0649 \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0630\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646\u062a \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0646 174 \u0637\u0641\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062f\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0628\u0647\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u060c \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0646 ( 81 ) \u062a\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0630\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0646 \u060c \u0648 ( 93 ) \u062a\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0630\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u060c \u0648\u0642\u0640\u062f \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062d\u062a \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 ( 8 <\/i><\/font><\/b>–<\/i><\/b> 12 ) \u0633\u0646\u0629 \u060c \u0628\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0639\u0645\u0631\u0649 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0647 ( 112.83 ) \u0634\u0647\u0631\u0627\u064b \u060c \u0648\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0649 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0647 ( 23.74 )\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0631\u0642\u0645 ( 1 ) \u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 .<\/i><\/font><\/b><\/p>\n

<\/b><\/p>\n


\n<\/b><\/p>\n
\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0631\u0642\u0645 ( 1 )<\/font><\/b><\/b><\/div>\n


\n<\/b><\/p>\n

\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629<\/font><\/b><\/b><\/div>\n


\n\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629<\/i><\/font><\/b>
\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0630<\/i><\/font><\/b>
\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629<\/i><\/font><\/b><\/b><\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641<\/i><\/font><\/b> \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u064a<\/i><\/font><\/b>
24.7<\/i><\/font><\/b>1 .\/.<\/i><\/font><\/b>
29.8<\/i><\/font><\/b>9 .\/.<\/i><\/font><\/b>
43<\/i><\/font><\/b>
52<\/i><\/font><\/b>
\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0633\u0629<\/i><\/font><\/b> \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0648\u0646<\/i><\/font><\/b>
\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629<\/i><\/font><\/b> \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0639\u0648\u0646<\/i><\/font><\/b>
\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b<\/i><\/font><\/b>
21.8<\/i><\/font><\/b>4 .\/.<\/i><\/font><\/b>
23.5<\/i><\/font><\/b>6 .\/.<\/i><\/font><\/b>
38<\/i><\/font><\/b>
41<\/i><\/font><\/b>
\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0633\u0629<\/i><\/font><\/b> \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0648\u0646<\/i><\/font><\/b>
\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629<\/i><\/font><\/b> \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0639\u0648\u0646<\/i><\/font><\/b>
\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062f\u0633<\/i><\/font><\/b>
100 .<\/i><\/font><\/b>\/.<\/i><\/font><\/b>
174<\/i><\/font><\/b>
\u0640\u0640<\/i><\/font><\/b>
\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639<\/i><\/font><\/b>
<\/b><\/div>\n

<\/p>\n

\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 :<\/font>
1. <\/i><\/font><\/b>\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0646\u0629<\/i><\/font><\/b> \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644 \/ \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0641\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644 :<\/i><\/font><\/b>
\u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0642\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062f\u0631\u0643\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644 \u0623\u0648 \u0631\u0641\u0636 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0647 \u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 ( 1987\u0645 \u060c \u062c ) \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0631\u0648\u0646\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0641\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a \u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u064a\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 (60 ) \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u0632\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0633 \u0641\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0621 \/ \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0643 \u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0646 \/ \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0640\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0643 \u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0647\u0645\u0627\u0644 \/ \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0629 \u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0641\u0636 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f \u060c \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0645\u0646 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u060c \u0625\u062d\u062f\u0627\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0628 \u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0645 \u060c \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628 \u060c \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0635\u064a\u0627\u063a\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0643\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0646\u062b \u060c \u0648\u0643\u0644 \u0635\u0640\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u0637\u0649 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0641\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u062f\u0629 . <\/i><\/font><\/b>
\u0648\u0644\u0642\u062f \u0642\u0627\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 ( \u0628\u062f\u0631 \u060c \u0623 \u060c \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 ) \u0623\u062c\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0623\u062c\u0631\u062a \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u060c \u0648\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062a\u0634\u0628\u0647 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0627\u064b \u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0648\u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a \u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0644\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0635\u062f\u0642 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 : <\/i><\/font><\/b>
\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 : <\/font>
\u062a\u0645 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0628\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u064a \u0623\u0644\u0641\u0627 \u0644\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0628\u0627\u062e \u060c \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u064a ( 0.85) \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0621 \/ \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0643 \u060c \u0648 ( 0.89 ) \u0644\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0646 \/ \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0643 \u060c \u0648 ( 0.79 ) \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0647\u0645\u0627\u0644 \/ \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0629 \u060c \u0648 ( 0.82 ) \u0644\u0644\u0631\u0641\u0640\u0636 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f . \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0640\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0640\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0632\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635\u0641\u064a\u0640\u0629 \u060c \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0640\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0648\u064a (0.91) . <\/i><\/font><\/b>
\u0635\u062f\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 :<\/font>
\u0644\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0645 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0635\u062f\u0642 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0643\u0644 \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0640\u0630\u064a \u062a\u0646\u062a\u0645\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u062a\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062d \u0628\u064a\u0646 ( 0.49 <\/i><\/font><\/b>–<\/i><\/b> 0.82 ) \u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0641\u0631\u0639\u0649 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062d \u0628\u064a\u0646
\n( 0.84 <\/i><\/font><\/b>–<\/i><\/b> 0<\/i><\/font><\/b>.91 ) \u060c \u0648\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 ( 0.001 ) . <\/i><\/font><\/b>
2. <\/i><\/font><\/b>\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644 :<\/i><\/font><\/b>
\u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0639\u0646 \u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0644 \u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0639\u062f\u0647 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u060c \u0648\u0628\u0634\u0627\u064a ( 1982 ) \u060c \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633
\n \u0645\u0646 ( 35 ) \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u0632\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0633 \u0641\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u062f\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0648\u0644\u0642\u062f \u0642\u0627\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 ( \u0628\u062f\u0631 \u060c \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 ) \u0623\u062c\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0623\u062c\u0631\u062a \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u060c \u0648\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062a\u0634\u0628\u0647 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0627\u064b \u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0648\u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a \u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0644\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0635\u062f\u0642 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 : <\/i><\/font><\/b>
\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 :<\/font>
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\u0635\u062f\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 :<\/font>
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\n \u0628\u064a\u0646 ( 0.76 <\/i><\/font><\/b>–<\/i><\/b> 0<\/i><\/font><\/b>.85 ) \u0648\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 ( 0.01 ) . <\/i><\/font><\/b>
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\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 :<\/font>
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\u0635\u062f\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 : <\/font>
\u062a\u0645 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0642 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0628\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b \u0637\u0631\u0642 \u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0645 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a \u060c \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0642 \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0648\u064a ( 0.97 ) \u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0645 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a ( \u062a ) \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0648\u0649 ( 2.657 ) \u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u062f\u0627\u0644\u0640\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u0640\u062f \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649
\n( 0.001 ) \u060c \u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062a\u0645 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u0649 \u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0643\u0644 \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u0646\u062a\u0645\u064a \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u062a\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062d \u0628\u064a\u0646 ( 0.37 <\/i><\/font><\/b>–<\/i><\/b> 0<\/i><\/font><\/b>.88 ) \u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0641\u0631\u0639\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0640\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u062a\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062d \u0628\u064a\u0646
\n( 0.78 <\/i><\/font><\/b>–<\/i><\/b> 0<\/i><\/font><\/b>.92 ) . <\/i><\/font><\/b>
\u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 ( \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0639\u064a ) \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0643\u0644 \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0647 \u062a\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062d \u0628\u064a\u0646 (0.69 – <\/font><\/i>0.72) \u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0640\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0640\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0639\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0640\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 ( \u0643\u0648\u0646\u0631\u0632 ) \u0647\u064a ( 0.86 ) \u0648\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0633\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u0644\u0640\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 ( 0.001 ) . <\/i><\/font><\/b>
\u0648\u0646\u062e\u0644\u0635 \u0645\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0639 \u0628\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0637\u0645\u0626\u0646 \u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0640\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 .<\/i><\/font><\/b>
\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 :<\/font>
\u0628\u0639\u062f \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0646 \u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u062d\u0635\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0630\u0646 \u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0628\u062c\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631\u062a\u064a \u0647\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u060c \u0644\u062a\u0645\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u060c \u062b\u0645 \u0642\u0627\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0639\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0630\u0627\u062a \u0647\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u060c \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0645\u062a \u0628\u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0640\u0648\u0644 \/ \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0641\u0640\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a \u060c \u0648\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0629 . \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0646\u0638\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0642\u064a\u0633 \u0639\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u060c \u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0637\u0628\u0642\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0643\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0630\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u060c \u0648\u0644\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0647\u0624\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062d\u062f\u062b\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0634\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u060c \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0630\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 . <\/i><\/font><\/b>
\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 : \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 :<\/font>
1. <\/i><\/font><\/b>\u0645\u0642\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0637) . <\/i><\/font><\/b>
2. <\/i><\/font><\/b>\u0645\u0642\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u062a\u062a (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a) .<\/i><\/font><\/b>
3. <\/i><\/font><\/b>\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0646 .<\/i><\/font><\/b>
4. <\/i><\/font><\/b>\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631<\/i><\/font><\/b> \u062a. <\/i><\/font><\/b> T. Test .<\/i><\/font><\/i><\/b>
\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634\u062a\u0647\u0627 :<\/font>
\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 : \u0648\u064a\u0646\u0635 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0627\u064a\u0644\u064a :<\/font>
1. <\/i><\/font><\/b>\u062a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0633\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0625\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0643 \u062a\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u062c\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0647\u0646. <\/i><\/font><\/b>
2. <\/i><\/font><\/b>\u062a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0625\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0643 \u062a\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u062c\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0631\u0641\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0647\u0646 .<\/i><\/font><\/b>
\u0648\u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636 \u0642\u0627\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0629 \u0628\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0625\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0630\u0627\u062a \u060c \u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u060c \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0641\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a \u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0647\u0646 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0631\u0642\u0645 (2) .<\/i><\/font><\/b><\/p>\n

<\/b><\/p>\n


\n<\/b><\/p>\n
\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0631\u0642\u0645 (2)<\/font><\/b><\/b><\/div>\n


\n<\/b><\/p>\n


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\n<\/b><\/div>\n


\n<\/b><\/p>\n

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\n<\/b><\/div>\n

<\/p>\n

<\/b><\/p>\n


\n\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629<\/i><\/font><\/b>
\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/i><\/font><\/b>
<\/b><\/p>\n
<\/b><\/p>\n
\u0631<\/i><\/font><\/b><\/b><\/div>\n

<\/b><\/div>\n


\n\u0639<\/i><\/font><\/b>
\u0645<\/i><\/font><\/b>
\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a<\/i><\/font><\/b>
0.01<\/i><\/font><\/b>
0.208<\/i><\/font><\/b>
<\/b><\/p>\n

<\/b><\/p>\n
0.619 (-)<\/i><\/font><\/b><\/b><\/div>\n

<\/b><\/div>\n


\n\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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